Amagare y'amashanyarazi yahindutse ahantu hashya mu isi itwara abagenzi kubera korohereza abakoresha no gushushanya ibidukikije.Abantu barayikoresha nk'uburyo bushya bwo kugenda no gutwara intera ndende kandi ngufi.
Ariko igare ryambere ryamashanyarazi ryavutse ryari? Ninde wahimbye igare ryamashanyarazi ninde uyigurisha mubucuruzi?
Tuzasubiza ibi bibazo bishimishije mugihe tuganira ku mateka atangaje yimyaka 130 yamagare yamashanyarazi. Noneho, reka tuyinjiremo bidatinze.
Kugeza 2023, amagare agera kuri miriyoni 40 azaba ari mumuhanda.Nyamara, intangiriro yayo yari ibintu byoroshye kandi bidafite agaciro, guhera mumwaka wa 1880, mugihe Uburayi bwasaze amagare na trikipiki.
niwe wambere wubatse igare ryamashanyarazi mumwaka wa 1881.Yashyizeho moteri yamashanyarazi kuri trikipiki yu Bwongereza, abaye umunyamerika wambere wambere wamashanyarazi. Yagize icyo ageraho mumihanda ya Paris kuri trikipiki yamashanyarazi, ariko ananirwa kubona patenti.
yarushijeho kunonosora igitekerezo cyo kongeramo bateri kuri trikipiki na moteri ijyanye nayo. Igice cyose cyikinyabiziga gifite moteri na batiri cyapimaga ibiro 300, byafatwaga nkibidashoboka. Igitangaje ni uko iyi moteri ifite ibinyabiziga bitatu byayoboye ibirometero 50 ku muvuduko ugereranije. 12 mph, ishimishije kubipimo byose.
Gusimbuka gukurikiraho mumagare yamashanyarazi byaje mumwaka wa 1895, ubwo yatangaga moteri yinyuma ya hub hamwe nuburyo butaziguye.Mu byukuri, iracyari moteri ikwirakwizwa hose ikoreshwa muri e-gare.Yakoresheje moteri yasunitswe rwose itanga inzira kuri igare rya kijyambere.
yashyizeho moteri ya planet hub ya moteri mumwaka wa 1896, irusheho kunoza igishushanyo cyamagare yamashanyarazi.Plus, yihutishije e-gare mumirometero mike.Mu myaka mike yakurikiyeho, e-gare yakorewe igeragezwa rikomeye, kandi twabonye itangiriro ryo hagati -Gutwara moteri no gutwara-moteri.Nyamara, moteri yinyuma ya moteri yabaye moteri nyamukuru ya e-gare.
Mu myaka mike yakurikiyeho hari ukuntu byari bibi kuri e-gare. By'umwihariko, Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose yahagaritse iterambere rya e-gare kubera imidugararo ikomeje ndetse n’imodoka zinjira.Nyamara, amagare y’amashanyarazi yabonye ubuzima bushya mu myaka ya za 19030. mugihe kandi dufatanije gukora amagare yamashanyarazi kugirango akoreshwe mubucuruzi.
Bavuze byinshi mu 1932 ubwo bagurishaga igare ryabo ryamashanyarazi. Ibikurikira, ababikora nko kwinjira mumasoko yamagare mumashanyarazi 1975 na 1989.
Nyamara, ayo masosiyete aracyakoresha nikel-kadmium na batiri ya aside-aside, bikagabanya cyane umuvuduko wa e-gare.
Mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 1980 no mu ntangiriro ya za 90, kuvumbura batiri ya lithium-ion byatanze inzira ku igare ry'amashanyarazi rigezweho. Ababikora barashobora kugabanya cyane uburemere bwa e-gare mu gihe bongera intera, umuvuduko n'imikorere hamwe na bateri ya lithium-ion.Ni yemerera kandi abayitwara kwishyuza bateri zabo murugo, bigatuma e-gare ikundwa cyane. Niki kindi, bateri ya lithium-ion ituma e-gare yoroshye kandi ikagenda neza.
Amagare yamashanyarazi yateye intambwe nini mumwaka wa 1989 hamwe nogushiraho igare ryamashanyarazi na .Byanyuma, byaje kwitwa gare yamashanyarazi "ifashwa na pedal" .Ubu buryo butuma moteri ya e-gare itangira mugihe uyigenderaho atwaye igare.Ibyo , irekura moteri ya e-gare kuri buri kintu cyose kandi ituma igishushanyo cyoroha kandi cyorohereza abakoresha.
Mu 1992, amagare y’amashanyarazi afasha pedal yatangiye kugurishwa mubucuruzi.Byabaye kandi amahitamo meza kuri e-gare kandi ubu ni igishushanyo mbonera cya e-gare hafi ya zose.
Mu ntangiriro ya 2000 no mu ntangiriro ya za 2010, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki na elegitoronike bivuze ko abakora e-gare bashoboraga gukoresha mikorobe zitandukanye mu magare yabo.Bashyizeho gaze na pedal bifasha kugenzura ku ntoki. Harimo kandi kwerekana na e- igare ryemerera abantu gukurikirana mileage, umuvuduko, ubuzima bwa bateri, nibindi byinshi kuburambe bwiza kandi bwiza.
Mubyongeyeho, uwabikoze yinjije porogaramu ya terefone kugirango ikurikirane e-gare kure.Niyo mpamvu, igare ririnzwe ubujura.Ikindi kandi, gukoresha sensor zitandukanye bizamura imikorere n'imikorere ya gare y'amashanyarazi.
Amateka yamagare yamashanyarazi aratangaje rwose.Mu byukuri, e-gare niyo modoka yambere yagenze kuri bateri no kugenda mumuhanda nta murimo, ndetse na mbere yimodoka. Uyu munsi, iri terambere bivuze ko e-gare ryabaye amahitamo nyamukuru kuri kurengera ibidukikije mukugabanya gaze n urusaku.Ikindi kandi, e-gare ifite umutekano kandi yoroshye kuyigenderamo kandi yabaye uburyo bwo kugenda cyane mubihugu bitandukanye kubera ibyiza byabo bitangaje.