Moto zikoresha amashanyarazi zabaye ahantu hashya hakunze kugaragara abantu benshi mu ngendo zo kujya mu mahanga bitewe n’uburyo zikoreshwa kandi zigakoreshwa mu buryo butangiza ibidukikije. Abantu barimo kuzikoresha nk'uburyo bushya bwo kugenda no gutwara abantu mu ntera ndende n'igufi.
Ariko se igare rya mbere rikoresha amashanyarazi ryavutse ryari? Ni nde wavumbuye igare rikoresha amashanyarazi kandi ni nde urigurisha mu bucuruzi?
Tuzasubiza ibi bibazo bishishikaje mu gihe tuzaganira ku mateka atangaje y'imyaka hafi 130 y'amagare akoresha amashanyarazi. Noneho, reka tubivugeho vuba.
Mu 2023, hafi miliyoni 40 z'amagare akoresha amashanyarazi azaba ari mu muhanda. Ariko, intangiriro yayo yari ikintu cyoroshye kandi kitari kinini, cyatangiye mu myaka ya 1880, ubwo i Burayi bwakundaga cyane amagare n'amagare atatu.
ni we wa mbere wakoze igare rikoresha amashanyarazi mu 1881. Yashyizeho moteri y'amashanyarazi ku igare ry'Abongereza rikoresha amashanyarazi atatu, aba uwa mbere ku isi mu gukora amagare atatu akoresha amashanyarazi. Yagize icyo ageraho mu mihanda ya Paris ku igare ry'amashanyarazi rikoresha amashanyarazi atatu, ariko ntiyabona uburenganzira bwo gukoresha patenti.
byarushijeho kunoza igitekerezo cyo kongeramo bateri kuri moto y’imodoka eshatu na moteri ijyanye nayo. Imiterere yose ya moto y’imodoka eshatu hamwe na moteri na bateri yapimaga ibiro bigera kuri 300, byafatwaga nk'ibidashoboka. Igitangaje ni uko iyi moto y’imodoka y’amapine atatu yashoboye kwiruka ibirometero 80 ku muvuduko mpuzandengo wa 12 mph, ibi bikaba bitangaje ukurikije ibipimo byose.
Intambwe ikomeye yakurikiyeho mu gutwara amagare akoresha amashanyarazi yabaye mu 1895, ubwo yatangaga uburenganzira ku ikoreshwa rya moteri y'inyuma ifite uburyo bwo kuyitwara. Mu by'ukuri, iracyari moteri ikoreshwa cyane mu gutwara amagare akoresha ikoranabuhanga. Yakoresheje moteri ifite brushed yafashije cyane mu gutegura igare rigezweho rikoresha amashanyarazi.
Yazanye moteri y’amashanyarazi yo mu bwoko bwa planetary gear hub moteri mu 1896, yongera kunoza imiterere y’amagare y’amashanyarazi. Byongeye kandi, yihutishije moto y’amashanyarazi mu birometero bike. Mu myaka mike yakurikiyeho, moto z’amashanyarazi zakorewe igerageza rikomeye, kandi twabonye moteri zikoresha amashanyarazi yo hagati n’ayo mu kirere. Ariko, moteri y’inyuma y’imodoka yabaye moteri ikoreshwa cyane muri moto z’amashanyarazi.
Mu myaka mike yakurikiyeho byari bibi cyane ku magare ya elegitoroniki. By’umwihariko, Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose yahagaritse iterambere rya magare ya elegitoroniki bitewe n’imvururu zakomeje no kuboneka kw’imodoka. Ariko, amagare akoresha amashanyarazi yabonye ubuzima bushya mu myaka ya 19030 ubwo yafatanyaga gukora amagare akoresha amashanyarazi kugira ngo akoreshwe mu bucuruzi.
Bagize uruhare runini mu 1932 ubwo bacuruzaga moto yabo ikoresha amashanyarazi. Hanyuma, abakora amagare nk'aya binjiye mu isoko ry'amagare akoresha amashanyarazi mu 1975 na 1989.
Ariko, izi sosiyete ziracyakoresha bateri za nickel-cadmium na aside lead, bigabanya cyane umuvuduko n'ingano y'amagare ya elegitoroniki.
Mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1980 no mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 1990, kuvumbura bateri ya lithium-ion byatumye habaho igare rigezweho rikoresha amashanyarazi. Abakora bashobora kugabanya uburemere bw'amagare ya e-moto mu buryo bugaragara mu gihe bongera ubushobozi bwo gukora, umuvuduko n'imikorere yayo bakoresheje bateri ya lithium-ion. Binatuma abagenzi bongera umuriro mu ngo zabo, bigatuma amagare ya e-moto akundwa cyane. Ikindi kandi, bateri za lithium-ion zituma amagare ya e-moto yoroha kandi akaba meza mu ngendo zo mu rugo.
Amagare akoresha amashanyarazi yateye imbere cyane mu 1989 ubwo yatangizwaga igare rikoresha amashanyarazi na .Nyuma, ryaje kumenyekana nk'igare rikoresha amashanyarazi rikoreshwa n'amaguru. Ubu buryo butuma moteri y'igare rikoresha amashanyarazi itangirira igihe umugenzi ayikanda. Bityo, ibohora moteri y'igare rikoresha amashanyarazi ku buryo ubwo aribwo bwose kandi igatuma igishushanyo mbonera cyoroha kandi cyoroshye gukoresha.
Mu 1992, amagare y'amashanyarazi akoreshwa n'abakoresha pedal yatangiye kugurishwa mu bucuruzi. Yabaye kandi amahitamo meza ku magare y'ikoranabuhanga kandi ubu ni igishushanyo mbonera gikunzwe cyane ku magare hafi ya yose y'ikoranabuhanga.
Mu ntangiriro za 2000 na 2010, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ry'amashanyarazi n'ikoranabuhanga ryatumye abakora amagare yo mu bwoko bwa e-electronic bashobora gukoresha ubwoko butandukanye bw'ikoranabuhanga mu magare yabo. Bashyizeho uburyo bwo kugenzura lisansi n'amapedali ku migozi. Barimo kandi n'ikimenyetso kirimo igare ryo mu bwoko bwa e-electronic rituma abantu bagenzura urugendo, umuvuduko, igihe bateri ikorera, n'ibindi byinshi kugira ngo bagire uburambe bwiza kandi butekanye bwo gutwara.
Byongeye kandi, uruganda rwashyizeho porogaramu ya telefoni igendanwa kugira ngo ikurikirane igare rya elegitoroniki. Kubwibyo, igare ririnzwe kwibwa. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha sensor zitandukanye binoza imikorere n'imikorere ya igare ry'amashanyarazi.
Amateka y'amagare akoresha amashanyarazi aratangaje cyane. Mu by'ukuri, amagare ya elegitoroniki ni yo yari imodoka za mbere zakoreshaga batiri kandi zigenda mu muhanda nta kazi, ndetse na mbere y'imodoka. Muri iki gihe, iri terambere bivuze ko amagare ya elegitoroniki yabaye amahitamo akomeye yo kurengera ibidukikije binyuze mu kugabanya gaze n'urusaku. Nanone, amagare ya elegitoroniki ni meza kandi yoroshye kuyatwara kandi yabaye uburyo buzwi cyane bwo kujya mu mahanga mu bihugu bitandukanye bitewe n'inyungu zayo zitangaje.