Umwanzuro woroshye buri gitondo reka dutangire kwiruka cyane mbere yo kwiruka, reka dutangire umunsi wacu dufite umunsi mwiza, abantu bahitemo imyitozo ngororamubiri y'umunsi buri gitondo, ese byagombye kuba bimeze bite kumenya?

UBWOKO BWA MOTERI

Sisitemu zisanzwe zo gufasha amashanyarazi zigabanyijemo moteri zo hagati na moteri z'inyuma hakurikijwe aho moteri iherereye.

Mu magare akoresha amashanyarazi yo mu misozi, imiterere ya moteri iri hagati ifite hagati y’uburemere ikoreshwa kugira ngo igere ku buremere buri hagati kandi bukwiye, idahungabanya uburinganire bw’ikinyabiziga kiri mu nzira yihuta kugira ngo kibone uburyo bwo kuyitwara neza. Byongeye kandi, imbaraga z’inyongera za moteri yo hagati zikora neza ku gice cyo hagati, kandi ibikoresho byo kohereza bikunze gukoreshwa imbere, bishobora guca burundu isano iri hagati ya moteri na sisitemu yo kohereza iyo idakora cyangwa iyo bateri yapfuye, bityo ntibizatera ubukana bw’inyongera.

Ku modoka itwara abagenzi yo mu mujyi, igare ntirizakoreshwa cyane, imiterere y'umuhanda ntabwo igoye nko mu misozi no mu mashyamba, kandi abakenera kuzamuka ntibazaba benshi cyane, bityo moteri y'inyuma nka sisitemu ya H700 nayo irakora neza.

Byongeye kandi, inyungu ya moteri y'umuzigo w'amapine ni uko idahindura imiterere y'umuzigo wo hagati w'amapine y'inyuma, kandi ntikeneye gufungura umuzigo wihariye w'ibumba. Ishobora kugera ku shusho isa hafi n'igare ry'inyuma, ari na kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi mu guhitamo sisitemu ya moteri y'amapine y'amapine y'igare mpuzamahanga rizwi cyane rikoresha amashanyarazi aciriritse.

Muri rusange, nta tandukaniro riri hagati ya moteri zikoresha amapine n'izikoresha moteri zo hagati, kandi nta tandukaniro riri hagati y'ufite neza n'ufite nabi. Ntugakoreshe igitekerezo kibi cy'uko "imodoka zo mu rwego rwo hasi zikoresha moteri zikoresha amapine" na "imodoka zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zikoresha moteri zo mu rwego rwo hejuru". Kugira ngo bifashe ibicuruzwa, gushyiraho sisitemu ikwiye ya moteri mu gicuruzwa gikwiye si uguhitamo moteri gusa, ahubwo bisaba n'uburyo bwuzuye bwo kubikemura. Uruganda rukora imodoka n'uruganda rukora sisitemu ya moteri bashobora gukora ibicuruzwa byiza bifite uburyo bwo guhuza no gupima byimbitse.

UMUHANDA

Ku bijyanye n'ahantu ho kugendera, amagare yo mu misozi akoresha amashanyarazi asaba ko moteri igira imbaraga nyinshi zo kuzamuka. Ubusanzwe, icyuma gipima imbaraga gikoreshwa kugira ngo kimenye neza imbaraga z'amaguru, kugira ngo umuntu asobanukirwe icyo umugenzi agamije, kandi nubwo yaba ari mu ruziga ruke, bishobora kumworohera kuzamuka mu misozi miremire kandi igoye.

Bityo rero, imbaraga z'amashanyarazi zituruka kuri moteri y'amagare yo mu misozi akenshi ziba hagati ya 60Nm na 85Nm. Sisitemu ya M600 ifite imbaraga zingana na 500W n'imbaraga zigera kuri 120Nm, zishobora kugumana imbaraga zikomeye mu gutwara amagare yo mu misozi.

Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ikoreshwa mu mihanda minini yita cyane ku mikorere myiza y'umuvuduko w'amaguru n'imikorere myiza kandi igenda irushaho kugenda neza y'ubufasha bwa moteri, kuko hazabaho itandukaniro mu guhindura ingufu, kandi kugenda neza mu bwato bukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi ntibisaba imbaraga nyinshi, bityo umuvuduko wa moteri muri rusange ntabwo ari munini cyane. Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ikoreshwa hagati ya Bafang M820 yagenewe imodoka zo mu muhanda, moteri ipima ibiro 2.3 gusa, ariko ishobora gutanga imbaraga zingana na 250W n'umuvuduko ntarengwa wa 75N.m. Moteri ya Bafang H700 ifite umuvuduko wa 32Nm, ushobora kwemeza ko umugenzi akora neza mu ngendo za buri munsi no mu gihe cyo kwidagadura.

Niba ushaka gutwara icyuma gitera imbaraga mu gihe cyo kugenda n'amaguru, uko uburemere bw'imodoka burushaho kuba bwinshi iyo yuzuye, ni ko bigorana gukomeza gukoresha ingufu zihoraho mu gihe uzamuka, kandi ni ko torque irushaho kuba nyinshi.

Byongeye kandi, ntibivuze ko uko torque iba nini, niko irushaho kuba nziza. Umuvuduko mwinshi w'amashanyarazi uzagabanya imbaraga zo kugenda ku maguru y'abantu, kandi bizagorana kuyigenzura mu mihanda irimo imihanda. Iyo moteri imaze gutanga imbaraga 300% by'inyongera, biroroha cyane. Urugendo rurarambirana rwose.

IMETERI

Ibara rigaragara neza rishobora kwerekana neza amakuru ajyanye na moteri, harimo igipimo cy'ingufu za bateri zisigaye, intera yo gutembera, uburebure, uburyo bwa siporo n'umuvuduko w'ubu hamwe n'andi makuru menshi, ashobora guhaza ingendo zacu za buri munsi no kugendera ku modoka mu gihe cyo kwidagadura. Birumvikana ko ibyo dukeneye ku bikoresho bitandukanye mu buryo busanzwe mu ngendo zitandukanye. Imiterere y'umuhanda wo gutembera ku magare yo mu misozi iragoye, kandi yagiye ihinduka buhoro buhoro kuva ku gikoresho kinini kijya ku gikoresho gihuriweho.

Mu gisekuru gishya cy’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoreshwa n’amashanyarazi, ibikoresho byoroshye kandi byoroshye gukoresha birimo kuba ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi hagati na hagati. Utubuto tw’ibikoresho dushyirwa mu muyoboro wo hejuru twerekana gusa urwego rwa bateri n’aho ibikoresho biherereye binyuze mu ibara ry’urumuri n’andi makuru, byoroshya cyane amakuru yo kwerekana ibikoresho bikoresha amashanyarazi, mu gihe imiterere yoroshye n’imbaraga zifasha zikoresha umurongo umwe bivugurura ubunararibonye bwo kugenda mu mijyi.

 
UBUSHOBOZI BWA BATERI

Igice kinini cy'uburemere bw'igare rikoresha amashanyarazi nta gushidikanya ko ari batiri. Batiri yahuye n'ikibazo gikomeye kandi gikaze cyo kuyishyiramo, ihinduka buhoro buhoro ijya mu cyerekezo gito kandi gifunze. Batiri iri mu muyoboro wo hasi ni uburyo busanzwe bwo kuyishyiramo kugira ngo ifashe amashanyarazi. Ubundi buryo buzahisha batiri mu gitereko. Imiterere yayo irahamye kandi igaragara neza kandi isukuye, mu gihe bigabanya uburemere bw'imodoka.

Imodoka zigenda kure zikenera igihe kirekire cya batiri, mu gihe amagare yo mu misozi akoreshwa cyane areba cyane ingufu zikoreshwa cyane. Izi zikenera inkunga ya batiri nini, ariko batiri nini kandi ziremereye zizatwara umwanya munini kandi zigasaba ingufu nyinshi. Ingufu nyinshi, bityo uburemere bw'izi modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi akenshi ntibuba bworoshye cyane. Batiri za 750Wh na 900Wh zirimo kuba ibipimo bishya kuri ubwo bwoko bw'imodoka.

Imihanda, abagenzi, umujyi n'izindi moderi zikoresha uburyo bwo kuringaniza imikorere n'ubworoheje, kandi ntizizongera bateri mu buryo butari bwo. 400Wh-500Wh ni ubushobozi busanzwe bwa bateri, kandi ubuzima bwa bateri bushobora kugera kuri kilometero 70-90.

Usanzwe uzi neza moteri, imikorere, ubushobozi bwa batiri, ibikoresho, nibindi, bityo ushobora guhitamo igare rikoresha amashanyarazi rijyanye n'ibyo ukeneye buri munsi!