Amagare akoresha amashanyarazi yaguzwe cyane muri uyu mwaka. Ntabwo ari ngombwa ko dufata ijambo ryacu - urabona ko imibare y'ibicuruzwa bya amagare akoresha amashanyarazi itagaragara.
Abaguzi bashishikajwe n'amagare ya elegitoroniki bakomeza kwiyongera, aho abagenzi benshi biruka ku muhanda no mu gitaka. Amashanyarazi yonyine yazanye abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni nyinshi mu nkuru z'amagare ya elegitoroniki muri uyu mwaka, bigaragaza ko uru rwego rushishikajwe cyane. Noneho turasubira inyuma ku nkuru zikomeye z'amagare ya elegitoroniki z'uyu mwaka.
Ubwo yatangizaga igare ryayo rya elegitoroniki, yari izi neza ko igare ryihuse ritashoboraga kuzuza ibisobanuro byemewe n'amategeko by'igare rya elegitoroniki.
Iyi moteri ikomeye ituma ibasha kugera ku muvuduko wa kilometero 60 ku isaha (37 mph), urenze kure urugero rwemewe n'amategeko rw'amagare akoresha amashanyarazi hafi ya yose mu bihugu byo muri Amerika ya Ruguru, i Burayi, Aziya na Oseyaniya.
Umuvuduko wo hejuru ushobora guhindurwa mu buryo bwa tekiniki binyuze kuri porogaramu ya terefone igendanwa, bigatuma igabanuka hagati ya kilometero 25-45 ku isaha (15-28 mph) kugira ngo ihuze n'amategeko atandukanye y'umuvuduko wo mu gace runaka. Ndetse banagize igitekerezo cyo gukoresha uburyo bwo gusimbuza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi (geofencing) kugira ngo bahindure umuvuduko ntarengwa mu gihe nyacyo, bivuze ko ushobora kugenda wihuta cyane mu mihanda n'inzira byigenga, hanyuma igare rigasubira ku muvuduko ntarengwa wo mu gace runaka iyo winjiye mu mihanda rusange. Ubundi buryo, umuvuduko ntarengwa ushobora kuba uri hasi mu mujyi rwagati, hanyuma wongere umuvuduko mu buryo bwikora iyo umugenzi yinjiye mu muhanda munini kandi wihuta.
Ariko izi neza icyo ikora, kandi ivuga ko igitekerezo cy’igare rya elegitoroniki gishingiye cyane ku gushishikariza ibiganiro ku bijyanye no kuvugurura amategeko agenga igare rya elegitoroniki kugira ngo rishyiremo umuvuduko mwinshi n’umusaruro ukomeye kurushaho. Nk’uko isosiyete ibisobanura:
“Mu gihe nta tegeko rihari ku modoka nk’izo rifite igitekerezo cy’umuvuduko uhoraho, imodoka zashyizeho ingamba zo koroshya ishyirwaho ry’amategeko nk’ayo, bityo bigatuma habaho iterambere nk’iryo.”
Ubushobozi bwo kwihuta cyane no kwirinda ibidukikije bw’amagare ya elegitoroniki si byo byonyine bigaragara. Binatuma bateri ya elegitoroniki ikoresha batiri ya Wh 2.000, ingana n’inshuro 3-4 z’ubushobozi bwa bateri isanzwe mu magare ya elegitoroniki yo muri iki gihe.
Iyi kompanyi ivuga ko iyi moto yo mu bwoko bwa e-moto izaba ifite intera ya kilometero 300 (mile 186) ifashijwe n'amaguru mu buryo bw'ingufu nke cyane.
Niba utabizi, ndimo kwandika ikinyamakuru cya buri cyumweru cyitwa You much much ever love it or love it.
Uru rukurikirane ahanini ni inkingi y'urwenya aho nabonye imodoka y'amashanyarazi isekeje, isekeje cyangwa itangaje ku rubuga runini rw'ubucuruzi mu Bushinwa. Buri gihe iba nziza, idasanzwe, cyangwa byombi.
Kuri iyi nshuro nabonye igare rigezweho ry’amashanyarazi ryagenewe abagenzi batatu. Nubwo rifite imiterere idasanzwe, ikintu gishimishije cyane gishobora kuba igiciro cya $750, hamwe no koherezwa ku buntu.
Ibi ni ibya "bateri ifite ubushobozi buke", ari yo 384 Wh gusa. Ariko ushobora guhitamo mu yandi mahitamo arimo 720 Wh, 840 Wh, cyangwa paki ya 960 Wh isekeje, byose nta gusunika igiciro kirenze $1,000. Ibyo ubwabyo biratangaje.
Ariko uburyo iki kintu gikoreshwa mu buryo bufatika butuma kigaragara. Intebe eshatu, intebe yuzuye, akazu k'amatungo (ndatekereza ko bitagomba gukoreshwa ku matungo nyayo), n'ibindi byinshi bituma iki kintu gikora neza.
Hari n'ingufuri ya moteri yo kubuza umuntu kwiba igare, pedali z'inyuma, pedali z'imbere zizunguruka, pedali zizunguruka (mu by'ukuri hari ahantu henshi ho gushyira ibirenge by'abantu batatu) n'ibindi byinshi!
Mu by’ukuri, nyuma yo kwandika kuri iyi moto nto idasanzwe ikoresha amashanyarazi, narayikunze cyane ku buryo nakomeje kuyigura. Yaje kugaragara ko ari imodoka igenda buhoro nyuma yo kumara amezi menshi inyura mu bwato bwari bumaze gutwarwa i Long Beach, muri Kaliforuniya. Ubwo yageraga hasi, kontineri yari irimo yari "yangiritse" kandi igare ryanjye "ntiryashoboraga kugezwa".
Mfite igare rishya mu muhanda ubu kandi nizeye ko iri rizaza koko kugira ngo mbashe gusangira namwe uko iyi moto yitwara mu buzima busanzwe.
Hari igihe inkuru zikomeye ziba atari iz’imodoka runaka na gato, ahubwo ziba zivuga ku ikoranabuhanga rishya rikomeye.
Ibyo ni ko byagenze ubwo Schaeffler yashyiraga ahagaragara sisitemu nshya y'amashanyarazi yitwa Freedrive. Ikuraho burundu umugozi cyangwa umukandara uwo ari wo wose kuri iyo pikipiki.
Amapedali nta buryo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo guhuza umupira n'ipine ry'inyuma, ahubwo akoresha icyuma gitanga ingufu mu kohereza ingufu kuri moteri z'imodoka.
Iyi ni sisitemu ishimishije cyane ifungurira amarembo ku miterere y’amagare ya elegitoroniki ahanga cyane. Imwe muri za e-bike za mbere zakoze neza ni amagare ya elegitoroniki, yakunze kugorwa no guhuza pedal drive binyuze mu buryo bwa mekanike n’uruziga rw’inyuma rwari ruri kure kandi rudahujwe na pedal inshuro nyinshi.
Twabonye iyi modoka ishyizwe ku igare rinini cyane ry’imodoka muri Eurobike 2021 kandi yakoze neza cyane, nubwo itsinda rigikomeje kuyivugurura kugira ngo inoze imikorere mu bikoresho bitandukanye.
Bisa nkaho abantu bakunda cyane amagare y'amashanyarazi yihuta cyane, cyangwa byibuze bakunda kuyasoma. Inkuru eshanu za mbere z'amagare y'ikoranabuhanga muri 2021 zirimo amagare abiri yihuta cyane.
Kugira ngo bitaba ibyo, uruganda rukora amapikipiki yo mu Buholandi rwitwa VanMoof rwatangaje imodoka nini yihuta yitwa superbike izagera ku muvuduko wa 31 mph (50 km/h) cyangwa 37 mph (60 km/h), bitewe n'uko ikigo wasomye ibyo wavuze cyangwa itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru.
Nubwo igare rya elegitoroniki rihagaze neza rirenze igitekerezo gusa, ntabwo ari igitekerezo gusa. Nubwo ritaravuga ko riteganya gukora igare rya elegitoroniki ryihuse cyane, rivuga ko mu by'ukuri rizazana igare ryaryo rikomeye ku isoko.
Dufatiye ku rupapuro rw'igitabo, tunavuga ko intego yacyo ari uguteza imbere ibiganiro ku mabwiriza agenga igare rya elegitoroniki.
“Iyi ni yo moto yacu ya mbere ikomeye, igare rya elegitoroniki ryagenewe umuvuduko wo hejuru n’intera ndende. Ndizera ko iyi moto nshya ya elegitoroniki yihuta ishobora gusimbura burundu amapikipiki n’imodoka mu mijyi bitarenze umwaka wa 2025.”
Turasaba ko habaho politiki zishingiye ku baturage zikongera gutekereza ku buryo ahantu rusange hakoreshwa iyo hataba hari imodoka. Ndishimye gutekereza ku buryo umujyi uzaba umeze mu gihe cya vuba, kandi twishimiye kuba turi mu mpinduka twubaka ibikoresho bikwiye byo guhindura imikorere.”
Inguzanyo y’umusoro ku magare y’amashanyarazi, isa n’iy’umusoro ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, yabaye inkuru ikomeye muri uyu mwaka kuva yatangwa bwa mbere muri Gashyantare.
Nubwo bamwe babona inguzanyo y’umusoro ku igare rya elegitoroniki nk’ingamba ndende, icyifuzo cyahawe icyizere gikomeye ubwo cyatsindaga itora nyaryo mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko nk’igice cy’Itegeko ryo Gusubiza Ubuhanga mu Kugarura Imbere.
Inguzanyo y'umusoro ingana na $900, ugereranyije n'ikiguzi cy'ibanze cya $15.000. Ikorana gusa n'amagare ya elegitoroniki ari munsi ya $4.000. Gahunda y'ibanze yagennye imisoro ku magare ya elegitoroniki ari munsi ya $8.000. Ingano nto ikuraho amwe mu mahitamo ahenze cyane ya elegitoroniki ajyana n'ibiciro bifitanye isano n'ubushobozi bwabo bwo kumara imyaka myinshi basimbuza imodoka zabo za buri munsi.
Nubwo hakiri ubwoko bwinshi bw'amagare ya elegitoroniki ahendutse ku madolari 1.000, inyinshi muri ayo magare ya elegitoroniki azwi cyane agura ibihumbi by'amadolari kandi aracyafite imiterere itegereje.
Gushyira amapikipiki ya elegitoroniki mu nguzanyo y’umusoro ya leta nyuma y’inkunga n’ubukangurambaga byatanzwe n’abaturage n’amatsinda nka PeopleForBikes.
“Itora riheruka ku itegeko ryo kubaka neza rikubiyemo amagare nk'igice cy'igisubizo cy'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, bitewe n'inkunga nshya z'imari ku magare na za e-bike ndetse n'inkunga mu kunoza ibikorwa remezo hibandwa ku mihindagurikire y'ikirere n'uburinganire. Turasaba Sena gushyira mu bikorwa mu mpera z'uyu mwaka, kugira ngo dushobore gutangira ibikorwa byacu byo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu buryo butuma abantu bose bakomeza kugenda, uko baba bameze kose cyangwa aho baba.”
Turimo kubona amagare mashya menshi ashimishije yo mu bwoko bwa e-moto mu 2021, hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rishya hamwe no gusunika ikibazo cyo kongera kubaka amagare yemewe n'amategeko yo mu bwoko bwa e-moto.
Ubu, umwaka wa 2022 ushobora kuba umwaka ushimishije kurushaho kuko abakora ibicuruzwa batangiye gukira ibura rikomeye ry’ibicuruzwa, bikabaha amahirwe yo kuzana ibitekerezo bishya n’uburyo bushya ku isoko.
Utekereza ko tuzabona iki mu nganda z'amagare ya elegitoroniki muri 2022? Reka twumve ibitekerezo byawe mu gice cy'ibitekerezo kiri hepfo. Ku rugendo rwo kwibuka ibintu byakubayeho kera (amezi 12-24), reba amakuru akomeye y'amagare ya elegitoroniki mu 2020 umwaka ushize.