Mu mijyi minini, amagare akoresha amashanyarazi na pedal gutwara imitwaro iremereye asimbuza amakamyo asanzwe.hejuru
Buri wa kabiri, umusore uri ku nkombe atwara igare ridasanzwe ahagarara mu gikari hanze ya Kate ice cream i Portland, Oregon, kugirango agarure ibicuruzwa bishya.
Yashyize udusanduku 30 twibicuruzwa bya Kate hamwe na ice cream hamwe na conone ya waffle na marionberry cobbler-mumufuka wa firigo, abishyira hamwe nibindi bicuruzwa mumasanduku yicyuma yashyizwe inyuma yintebe.Yapakiye ibiro 600 by'imizigo, atwara imodoka yerekeza mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Sandy Boulevard.
Buri pedal stroke yongerwaho na moteri yumuriro wicecekeye yihishe muri chassis.Nubwo yategetse imodoka yubucuruzi ifite ubugari bwa metero 4, yagendaga mumagare.
Nyuma ya kilometero imwe nigice, trikipiki yageze mububiko B-umurongo wa Urban Delivery.Isosiyete iherereye hagati mu mujyi, ku ntambwe nkeya uvuye ku ruzi rwa Willamette.Afungura ibicuruzwa mububiko buto kandi bushyizwe hamwe kuruta ububiko bunini busanzwe butwara paki.
Buri gice cyibi bihe bitandukanye nuburyo bwanyuma bwo gutanga ibirometero uyu munsi.Biroroshye gutekereza kuri serivisi ya B-umurongo nkindi Portland ya frake.Ariko imishinga isa niyaguka mumurwa mukuru wiburayi nka Paris na Berlin.Byari byemewe gusa i Chicago;byemejwe mu mujyi wa New York, aho Amazon.com Inc ifite amagare 200 nkaya yo gutanga.
Katelyn Williams, nyiri ice cream, yagize ati: “Buri gihe ni byiza kutagira ikamyo nini ya mazutu.”
Nibisabwa kugirango utange isi yamagare yumuzigo wamashanyarazi cyangwa trikipiki yamashanyarazi ikomeje kugenda itera imbere.Ni agace gato k'amagare afashwa n'amashanyarazi yamenyekanye cyane mugihe cyicyorezo.Ababishyigikiye bavuga ko ibinyabiziga bito by’amashanyarazi bishobora kugenda mu ntera ngufi kandi bigatanga ibicuruzwa byihuse ahantu hatuwe cyane mu mujyi, mu gihe bigabanya umuvuduko, urusaku n’umwanda uterwa namakamyo.
Nyamara, ubu bukungu ntiburagaragazwa mumihanda yo muri Amerika ikunda imodoka.Ubu buryo busaba gutekereza cyane kuburyo ibicuruzwa byinjira mumujyi.Ubwoko bushya bw'abanyamahanga byanze bikunze butera amakimbirane mu turere dusanzwe twuzuyemo imodoka, abatwara amagare, n'abanyamaguru.
Amapikipiki yimizigo yamashanyarazi nigisubizo gishoboka kuri kimwe mubibazo bigoye muri logistique.Nigute ushobora kubona ibicuruzwa unyuze kumurongo wanyuma kuva mububiko kugera kumuryango?
Kubabara umutwe ni uko nubwo ubushake bwo gutanga busa nkaho butagira imipaka, umwanya wumuhanda ntabwo.
Abatuye Umujyi basanzwe bamenyereye amapikipiki yaparitse (kandi yongeye guhagarara) hamwe na tramari n'amatara yaka.Ku bahisi, ibi bivuze ubwinshi bwimodoka no guhumanya ikirere.Kubatwara ibicuruzwa, ibi bivuze amafaranga menshi yo gutanga nigihe cyo gutanga.Mu Kwakira, abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Washington basanze amakamyo yo gutanga yakoresheje 28% yigihe cyo kuyashakisha bashaka aho imodoka zihagarara.
Mary Catherine Snyder, umujyanama mu bijyanye no guhagarika parikingi mu Mujyi wa Seattle, yagize ati: “Icyifuzo cyo gukumira ni kinini cyane kuruta ibyo dukeneye.Umujyi wa Seattle wagerageje amapikipiki atatu hamwe na UPS Inc. umwaka ushize.
Icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyakajije umurego gusa.Mugihe cyo gufunga, inganda za serivisi nka UPS na Amazone zifite uburambe.Ibiro birashobora kuba birimo ubusa, ariko kumuhanda wo mumujyi wongeye guhagarikwa nabagemura bakoresha Grubhub Inc. na DoorDash Inc. kugirango batware amafunguro muri resitora bajya murugo.
Ubushakashatsi burakomeje.Ibigo bimwe na bimwe byifashisha ibikoresho bigerageza ubushobozi bwabakiriya kugirango birinde umuryango, ahubwo bashyira paki mubifunga, cyangwa kubireba Amazone, mumurongo wimodoka.Drone irashoboka, nubwo ishobora kuba ihenze usibye gutwara ibintu byoroheje, bifite agaciro kanini nkimiti.
Abamushyigikiye bavuga ko amapikipiki mato mato, yoroheje yihuta kurusha amakamyo kandi akabyara ubushyuhe buke.Birashobora gukoreshwa cyane mumodoka, kandi birashobora guhagarara mumwanya muto cyangwa no kumuhanda.
Nk’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku magare y’imizigo y’amashanyarazi yoherejwe muri kaminuza ya Toronto umwaka ushize, gusimbuza amakamyo asanzwe atangwa n’amapikipiki y’imizigo bishobora kugabanya imyuka ya karuboni kuri toni 1,9 metric ku mwaka-nubwo amapikipiki menshi y’imizigo y’amashanyarazi hamwe n’amakamyo asanzwe akenerwa akenshi
Umuyobozi mukuru wa B-umurongo akaba ari na we washinze Franklin Jones (Franklin Jones) mu rubuga rwa interineti ruherutse kuvuga ko abaturage bagenda barushaho kwiyongera, n’ikiguzi cyo gutwara amagare kikagabanuka.
Kugirango amapikipiki yimizigo yamashanyarazi atere imbere, hagomba kubaho impinduka zingenzi: ububiko buto bwaho.Amasosiyete menshi akoresha ibikoresho byo gutunganya ububiko bunini ku nkengero z'umujyi.Ariko, kubera ko intera yamagare ari ngufi cyane, bakeneye ibikoresho biri hafi.Bitwa mini hubs.
Iyi poste nto yitwa logistique hoteri isanzwe ikoreshwa i Paris.Kuri izi nkombe, isosiyete yatangije yitwa Reef Technology yatsindiye miliyoni 700 z'amadolari yo gutera inkunga ihuriro ryayo muri parikingi yo mu mujyi mu kwezi gushize kugira ngo itange ibirometero bishize.
Nk’uko ikinyamakuru Bloomberg News kibitangaza ngo Amazon yashyizeho kandi ibigo 1000 byo gukwirakwiza muri Amerika hose.
Sam Starr, umujyanama wigenga wigenga wigenga muri Kanada, yavuze ko kugirango ukoreshe amagare atwara imizigo, izo nziga ntoya zigomba gukwirakwizwa kuri radiyo y'ibirometero 2 kugeza kuri 6, bitewe n'ubucucike bw'umujyi.
Muri Amerika, kugeza ubu, ibisubizo bya e-imizigo ntibishoboka.Umwaka ushize, UPS yasanze mu igeragezwa rya e-cargo tricycle yabereye i Seattle ko igare ryatanze ibicuruzwa bike mu isaha kuruta amakamyo asanzwe mu baturage ba Seattle.
Ubushakashatsi bwizera ko ubushakashatsi bumara ukwezi kumwe gusa bushobora kuba bugufi cyane ku buryo bwo gutanga amagare.Ariko yanagaragaje ko ibyiza byamagare-ingano nto-nayo ari intege nke.
Ubushakashatsi bwagize buti: “Amagare y’amashanyarazi atwara imizigo ntashobora gukora neza nkamakamyo.”Ubushobozi buke bwimizigo bivuze ko bashobora kugabanya ibicuruzwa igihe cyose bazengurutse, kandi bagomba kongera kubisubiramo kenshi.”
Mu mujyi wa New York, rwiyemezamirimo witwa Gregg Zuman, washinze Revolutionary Rickshaw, yagerageje kuzana imbaga y’imizigo y’amashanyarazi mu myaka 15 ishize.Aracyakora cyane.
Igitekerezo cya mbere cya Zuman kwari ugukora icyiciro cya gatatu cyamashanyarazi mumwaka wa 2005. Ibyo ntabwo bihuye na tagisi yumujyi.Muri 2007, Minisiteri y’ibinyabiziga yemeje ko amagare y’ubucuruzi ashobora gutwarwa n’abantu gusa, bivuze ko atazatwarwa na moteri y’amashanyarazi.Rickshaw y'impinduramatwara yahagaritswe imyaka irenga icumi.
Umwaka ushize wari umwanya wo gukuraho ikibazo.Abanya New York, kimwe nabatuye mumijyi kwisi yose, bafatanywe kumapikipiki yumuhanda wamashanyarazi hamwe namagare asanganywe amashanyarazi.
Mu Kuboza, Umujyi wa New York wemeje igeragezwa ry’amagare y’imizigo y’amashanyarazi i Manhattan n’amasosiyete manini y’ibikoresho nka UPS, Amazon na DHL.Muri icyo gihe, abatanga serivisi z’ingendo nka Bird, Uber na Lime barebye ku isoko rinini mu gihugu kandi bemeza inteko ishinga amategeko kwemeza ibimoteri n’amagare.Muri Mutarama, Guverineri Andrew Cuomo (D) yaretse abatavuga rumwe na we maze ashyiraho umushinga w'itegeko.
Zuman yagize ati: “Ibi bituma dutsindwa.”Yagaragaje ko amagare hafi ya yose y’amashanyarazi ku isoko afite byibura santimetero 48 z'ubugari.
Amategeko ya federasiyo araceceka ku ngingo y’amagare y’imizigo.Mu mijyi na leta, niba hari amategeko, biratandukanye cyane.
Mu Kwakira, Chicago yabaye umwe mu mijyi ya mbere yashyizeho amategeko.Abajyanama b'umujyi bemeje amabwiriza yemerera amakamyo y'amashanyarazi kugenda ku magare.Bafite umuvuduko ntarengwa wa 15 mph n'ubugari bwa metero 4.Umushoferi akenera igare kandi igare rigomba guhagarara ahantu hasanzwe haparikwa.
Mu mezi 18 ashize, igihangano cya e-ubucuruzi n’ibikoresho byavuze ko cyohereje amagare y’amashanyarazi agera kuri 200 i Manhattan na Brooklyn, kandi ko afite intego yo guteza imbere gahunda ku buryo bugaragara.Andi masosiyete akoresha ibikoresho nka DHL na FedEx Corp. nayo afite abaderevu ba e-imizigo, ariko ntabwo ari manini nka Amazone.
Zuman yagize ati: "Mu myaka mike iri imbere, Amazon izatera imbere byihuse muri iri soko."“Barazamuka vuba imbere ya bose.”
Moderi yubucuruzi ya Amazone ihabanye na B-umurongo wa Portland.Ntabwo ari shitingi kuva kubitanga kububiko, ahubwo biva mububiko kugeza kubakiriya.Whole Foods Market Inc, supermarket ifitwe na Amazon, itanga ibiribwa mukarere ka Brooklyn ka Manhattan na Williamsburg.
Byongeye kandi, imiterere yimodoka zamashanyarazi nazo ziratandukanye rwose, byerekana uburyo inganda zikora neza muriki cyiciro.
Imodoka ya Amazone ntabwo ari trikipiki.Iri ni igare risanzwe ryamashanyarazi.Urashobora gukurura romoruki, kuyifungura, hanyuma ukinjira muri lobby yinyubako..Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, amagare y’amashanyarazi akoreshwa nk'abagenzi cyangwa abatwara ibiribwa.
Igishushanyo kiri hejuru yikarita.Abantu bamwe batuma uyigenderaho yicara neza, abandi bakunama.Bamwe bashyira agasanduku k'imizigo inyuma, bamwe bashyira agasanduku imbere.Bamwe bari mukirere, mugihe abandi bapfunyika umushoferi mugikonoshwa kibonerana kugirango birinde imvura.
Jones washinze Portland, yavuze ko umujyi wa Portland udakeneye uruhushya rwa B-umurongo kandi ko udakeneye kwishyura.Byongeye kandi, amategeko ya Oregon yemerera amagare kugira imbaraga zifasha imbaraga-zigera kuri watt 1.000 kuburyo igare rifite umuvuduko uhuye n’imodoka kandi rikagira igikundiro cyo gufasha umuntu wese kuzamuka umusozi.
Yagize ati: “Iyo tutabafite, ntitwashoboraga guha akazi abatwara ibinyabiziga bitandukanye, kandi nta gihe cyo gutanga cyatanzwe twabonye.”
Umurongo B ufite abakiriya.Ubu ni uburyo bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa bishya byisoko ryibicuruzwa byaho, akaba ari urunigi rwakarere rwibicuruzwa 18 by ibiribwa kama.Carlee Dempsey, ushinzwe amasoko yo gutanga ibikoresho muri New Seasons, yavuze ko gahunda yatangiye mu myaka itanu ishize, bigatuma B-umurongo uhuza ibikoresho hagati y’abatanga ibiribwa 120.
Ibihe bishya biha ababitanga inyungu zinyongera: bigizwe na 30% yumurongo wabo ugomba kwishyura.Ibi bibafasha kwirinda abakwirakwiza ibiribwa bisanzwe hamwe namafaranga menshi.
Umwe mubatanga isoko ni Adam Berger, nyiri Portland Company Rollenti Pasta.Mbere yo gutangira gukoresha B-umurongo, akeneye kohereza mumasoko mashya hamwe na Scion xB yegeranye umunsi wose.
Yavuze ati: “Byari ubugome gusa.”Ati: “Isaranganya ry'ibirometero byanyuma nibyo bitwica twese, byaba ibicuruzwa byumye, abahinzi cyangwa abandi.”
Noneho, yahaye agasanduku ka makarito umutwara B-umurongo hanyuma awukandagira mububiko bwa kilometero 9.Baca bajyanwa mububiko butandukanye namakamyo asanzwe.
Yavuze ati: “Nkomoka muri Portland, ibi rero byose ni bimwe mu bigize inkuru.Ndi umuturage, ndi umunyabukorikori.Ntanga uduce duto.Ndashaka gukora igare ku kazi gakwiranye n'akazi kanjye. ”“Ni byiza.”
Imashini zitanga hamwe nibinyabiziga bifasha amashanyarazi.Inkomoko yishusho: Ikoranabuhanga rya Starship (robot yo gutanga) / Ayro (ibinyabiziga byinshi)
Ifoto iri iruhande rwibikoresho byogutanga ibikoresho bya Starship Technologies hamwe nimodoka ya Ayro Club 411.Ikoranabuhanga rya Starship (robot yo gutanga) / Ayro (imodoka ikora cyane)
Ba rwiyemezamirimo benshi berekana micro-ray ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gutanga.Arcimoto Inc., uruganda rukora ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi atatu muri Oregon, rwakira amabwiriza ya kilometero yanyuma ya Deliverator.Undi winjiye ni Ayro Inc., uruganda rukora mini-kamyo yamashanyarazi muri Texas ifite umuvuduko ntarengwa wa 25hh.Hafi yubunini bwa gare ya golf, ibinyabiziga byayo cyane cyane imyenda yimyenda n'ibiribwa ahantu hatuje hatuje nko kuruhukira hamwe na kaminuza.
Ariko umuyobozi mukuru, Rod Keller yavuze ko ubu sosiyete irimo gukora verisiyo ishobora gutwarwa mu muhanda, hamwe n’ibice byo kubika amafunguro ku giti cye.Umukiriya ni urunigi rwa resitora nka Chipotle Mexique Grill Inc cyangwa Panera Bread Co, kandi bagerageza kugeza ibicuruzwa kumuryango wumukiriya batiriwe bishyura amafaranga isosiyete itanga ibiryo ubu yishyuye.
Kurundi ruhande ni robo.Ikigo cyitwa Starship Technologies giherereye i San Francisco gitezimbere byihuse isoko ry’ibinyabiziga bitandatu bifite ibiziga bitarenze umuhanda, bitarenza ibicurane byeri.Barashobora gukora ibirometero 4 kandi birakwiriye gutembera kumuhanda.
Kimwe na Ayro, byatangiriye mu kigo ariko biraguka.Isosiyete yavuze ku rubuga rwayo igira iti: “Gukorana n'amaduka na resitora, dukora ibicuruzwa byaho byihuse, bifite ubwenge kandi bidahenze.”
Izi modoka zose zifite moteri yamashanyarazi, ifite ibyiza bikurikira: isuku, ituje kandi byoroshye kwishyuza.Ariko mumaso yabategura umujyi, igice cy "imodoka" cyatangiye guhuza imipaka imaze igihe kinini itandukanya imodoka nigare.
“Ni ryari wahinduye kuva ku igare ukajya mu modoka?”yabajije rwiyemezamirimo wa New York Zuman.Ati: “Uru ni rumwe mu mbibi zidahwitse tugomba guhangana nazo.”
Kimwe mu bibanza imijyi yo muri Amerika ishobora gutangira gutekereza kuburyo bwo kugenzura e-imizigo ni kilometero kare muri Santa Monica, muri Californiya.
Ibirori ni imikino Olempike ya Los Angeles 2028.Ihuriro ry’akarere ryizeye kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu gice cya kane kugeza icyo gihe, harimo intego itinyutse yo guhindura 60% yamakamyo mato mato mato n'amashanyarazi.Muri kamena uyu mwaka, Santa Monica yatsindiye inkunga ingana na $ 350,000 yo gushyiraho akarere ka mbere kohereza zeru.
Santa Monica ntishobora kubarekura gusa, ariko kandi irashobora kubika 10 kugeza kuri 20, kandi gusa (hamwe nizindi modoka zamashanyarazi) ni zo zishobora guhagarara.Nibibanza byeguriwe e-imizigo byeguriwe igihugu.Kamera izakurikirana uko umwanya ukoreshwa.
Ati: “Ubu ni ubushakashatsi nyabwo.Uyu ni umuderevu nyawe. ”nk'uko byatangajwe na Francis Stefan ushinzwe umushinga nk'umuyobozi mukuru wa Santa Monica.
Umujyi wa zeru zangiza mu majyaruguru ya Los Angeles zirimo umujyi rwagati hamwe na Street Street Promenade, kamwe mu duce twinshi two guhahiramo muri Californiya.
Umuyobozi w'ishami rishinzwe ubufatanye mu gutwara abantu n'ibintu wahisemo Santa Monica, Matt Peterson yagize ati: "Guhitamo umuhanda ni byose."Ati: "Ufite abantu benshi bitabiriye ibiryo, umwanya wo kugemura, [ubucuruzi-ku-bucuruzi]."
Uyu mushinga ntuzatangira andi mezi atandatu, ariko abahanga bavuga ko byanze bikunze amakimbirane hagati yamagare yumuzigo wamashanyarazi nizindi nzira zamagare.
Lisa Nisenson, impuguke mu kugenda muri WGI, isosiyete ikora ibikorwa remezo rusange, yagize ati: “Mu buryo butunguranye, habaye itsinda ry’abantu bagiye gutembera, abagenzi ndetse n’abacuruzi.”“Byatangiye kuba byinshi.”
Umujyanama ushinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu Starr yavuze ko kubera ibirenge byayo bito, amato ya elegitoroniki ashobora guhagarara ku kayira kegereye umuhanda, cyane cyane mu “bikoresho byo mu nzu”, ikaba irimo agasanduku k'iposita, ibinyamakuru, amatara n'ibiti.
Ariko muri ako gace kagufi, amapikipiki atwara imizigo arimo kugenda mumapine yimodoka ikoresha nabi uburenganzira: ibimoteri bizwiho kubangamira urujya n'uruza rwabantu mumijyi myinshi.
Ethan Bergson, umuvugizi w’ishami rishinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu muri Seattle, yagize ati: “Ni ikibazo ko abantu bahagarara neza kugira ngo batabangamira ababana n'ubumuga ku kayira.”
Nissensen yavuze ko niba ibinyabiziga bito, byihuta bishobora kugendana nicyo cyerekezo, noneho imijyi irashobora gukenera gushyiraho umurongo umwe aho kwita "koridoro igendanwa", ni ukuvuga ibice bibiri kubantu basanzwe naho ubundi kubucuruzi bworoheje.
Hariho amahirwe no mu kindi gice cyimiterere ya asfalt yataye mumyaka mirongo ishize: inzira.
Ati: “Gutangira gutekereza ku gusubira mu bihe biri imbere, gufata ibindi bikorwa by'ubucuruzi ku muhanda munini no mu gihugu imbere, aho nta wundi muntu ushobora kuba uretse abimura imyanda byumvikana?”Nisensen yarabajije.
Mubyukuri, ahazaza hatangwa amashanyarazi make arashobora gusubira mubihe byashize.Amenshi mu makamyo atuje, ahumeka mazutu amapikipiki atwara imizigo ashaka kuyasimbuza afite kandi akoreshwa na UPS, isosiyete yashinzwe mu 1907.