Kugira ngo umuntu amenye neza isano iri hagati y’amagare asanzwe n’ay’amashanyarazi, agomba kwiga amateka y’amagare yose. Nubwo amagare akoresha amashanyarazi yatekerejweho mu myaka ya 1890, kugeza mu myaka ya 1990 ni bwo bateri zatangiye gutwarwa ku magare ku mugaragaro.

Igare nk'uko tubizi ryakozwe mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19 bitewe n'abavumbuzi benshi bahinduye burundu igitekerezo cy'amagare icyo gihe, cyangwa bakagira impinduka zikomeye ku miterere yari isanzweho. Igare rya mbere ryavumbuwe n'umudage witwa Karl Von Drais mu 1817. Ivumburwa ry'igare ryari rikomeye, ariko icyo gihe igare ry'icyitegererezo ryari rikozwe mu mbaho ​​nini. Rishobora gukoreshwa gusa no gutera hasi amaguru yombi.

1. Inkomoko y'amagare idasanzwe

Mbere ya 1817, abavumbuzi benshi bashyizeho igitekerezo cy'igare. Ariko kugira ngo ikoranabuhanga ryitwe "igare" by'ukuri, rigomba kuba ari ikinyabiziga cy'umuntu gifite amapine abiri gisaba ko umugenzi yishyira mu mwanya we.

2.1817–1819: Ivuka ry'igare

Baron Karl Von Drais

Igare rya mbere rizwiho kuba irya Baron Carl von Drais. Imodoka yavumbuwe mu 1817 ihabwa uburenganzira bwo gutwara mu mwaka wakurikiyeho. Ni yo mashini ya mbere yagurishijwe neza ifite amapine abiri, ishobora kugendeshwa, ikoreshwa n'abantu, nyuma yaje kwitwa velocipede (igare), izwi kandi nka dandy horse cyangwa hobby-horse.

Denis Johnson

Izina ry'ikintu Dennis yavumbuye ntiryakomeje kubaho, kandi "ifarashi nziza" yari ikunzwe cyane icyo gihe. Kandi Dennis yavumbuye mu 1818 yari nziza cyane, ifite ishusho rusange y'inzoka aho kuba igororotse nk'iya Dries.

3. 1850: Tretkurbelfahrrad yanditswe na Philipp Moritz Fisher

Undi Mudage niwe uri mu mutima w'ubuvumbuzi bushya. Philipp Moritz Fischer yakoreshaga amagare ya kera kugira ngo ajye ku ishuri kandi agaruke akiri muto cyane, kandi mu 1853 yavumbuye igare rya mbere rifite pedals, ari ryo yise Tretkurbelfahrrad, iryo umukoresha adasabwa kwisunika hasi akoresheje amaguru ye.

4. 1860s: Boneshaker cyangwa Velocipede

Abavumbuzi b'Abafaransa bahinduye imiterere y'amagare mu 1863. Yongereye ikoreshwa rya crank na pedals bishyirwa ku ruziga rw'imbere.

Igare riragoye kuriyobora, ariko bitewe n'aho rishyizwe neza hamwe n'imiterere yaryo y'icyuma kugira ngo rigabanye uburemere, rishobora kugera ku muvuduko wihuta.

5. Mu myaka ya 1870: Amagare afite amapine maremare

Guhanga udushya mu magare mato ni intambwe ikomeye. Kuri yo, umukinnyi aba ari hejuru cyane, afite ipine rinini imbere n'ipine rito inyuma, bituma yihuta, ariko iyi miterere ifatwa nk'aho idateje akaga.
6. 1880-90: Amagare y'umutekano

Kuza kw'igare ririnda umutekano bifatwa cyane nk'impinduka zikomeye mu mateka y'amagare. Byahinduye uko abantu bumvaga ko igare ari ikintu giteje akaga, bituma riba uburyo bwa buri munsi bwo gutwara abantu b'ingeri zose bashobora kwishimira.

Mu 1885, John Kemp Starley yakoze neza igare rya mbere ry’umutekano ryitwaga Rover. Biroroshye kurigendera mu mihanda ya kaburimbo n’iy’igitaka. Ariko, kubera ko amapine yayo ari mato kandi nta ruhushya rwo kuyihagarika, ntabwo yoroshye nk’imodoka ifite amapine maremare.

7.1890: Ivumburwa ry'igare rikoresha amashanyarazi

Mu 1895, Ogden Bolton Jr. yahaye uburenganzira bwo gukoresha igare rya mbere rikoresha batiri rifite moteri ya DC hub ifite brush commutator ifite ibiti 6 mu ruziga rw'inyuma.

8. Mu ntangiriro za 1900 kugeza mu myaka ya 1930: udushya mu ikoranabuhanga

Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, amagare yakomeje gutera imbere no gutera imbere. Ubufaransa bwateje imbere ingendo nyinshi z'amagare ku bakerarugendo, kandi mu myaka ya 1930 amashyirahamwe y'amasiganwa yo mu Burayi yatangiye kuvuka.

9.1950, 1960, 1970: Amagare yo mu bwoko bwa cruisers n'amagare yo gusiganwa yo muri Amerika ya Ruguru

Amagare yo mu bwoko bwa Cruiser n'amagare yo gusiganwa ni yo azwi cyane muri Amerika ya Ruguru. Amagare yo mu bwoko bwa Cruiser akunzwe cyane n'abakora amagare y'abatarabigize umwuga, inyoni ya dead fly ifite amenyo adahinduka, ifite feri zikoreshwa n'amaguru, ikigereranyo kimwe gusa, n'amapine y'umwuka, akunzwe cyane kubera kuramba no kwisanzura no gukomera.

Nanone mu myaka ya 1950, gusiganwa kwarakunzwe cyane muri Amerika ya Ruguru. Iyi modoka y'amasiganwa inazwi cyane n'Abanyamerika yitwa sports roadster kandi ikunzwe n'abanyamagare bakuru. Bitewe n'uburemere bwayo bworoshye, amapine magufi, ibipimo byinshi by'ibikoresho n'umurambararo munini w'amapine, yihuta kandi ni nziza mu kuzamuka imisozi kandi ni amahitamo meza kuri cruiser.

10. Ivumburwa rya BMX mu myaka ya za 70

Igihe kirekire, amagare yasaga nkaho, kugeza igihe BMX yavumburiwe muri Kaliforuniya mu myaka ya 1970. Aya mapine afite ingano iri hagati ya santimetero 16 na santimetero 24 kandi akunzwe n'ingimbi n'abangavu.

11. Ivumburwa ry'igare ryo mu misozi mu myaka ya za 70

Ikindi kintu cyavumbuwe muri Kaliforuniya ni igare ryo mu misozi, ryagaragaye bwa mbere mu myaka ya 1970 ariko ntiryakozwe ku bwinshi kugeza mu 1981. Ryavumbuwe mu buryo bwo kugendera mu muhanda cyangwa mu muhanda mubi. Gutwara igare mu misozi byahise birushaho kuba intsinzi kandi byateye inkunga indi mikino ikomeye.

12. 1970-1990: Isoko ry'amagare mu Burayi

Mu myaka ya 1970, uko igare ry’imyidagaduro ryagendaga rikundwa cyane, amagare yoroheje apima ibiro biri munsi ya 30 yatangiye kuba ubwoko bw’ingenzi bugurishwa ku isoko, ndetse buhoro buhoro yanakoreshwaga mu gusiganwa.

13. Kuva mu myaka ya 1990 kugeza mu ntangiriro za 2000: iterambere ry'amagare akoresha amashanyarazi

Bitandukanye n'amagare asanzwe, amateka y'amagare nyayo akoresha amashanyarazi agizwe n'imyaka 40 gusa. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ubufasha bw'amashanyarazi bwakunzwe cyane bitewe n'igabanuka ry'ibiciro byayo no kwiyongera kw'ubushobozi bwayo.