Amagare akoresha amashanyarazi, kimwe n'andi magare yose, akeneye kwitabwaho buri gihe. Gusukura no kubungabunga igare ryawe rikoresha amashanyarazi bizatuma rigenda neza, neza kandi mu mutekano, byose bifasha kongera igihe cyo gukoresha bateri na moteri.
Iyi mfashanyigisho isobanura uburyo bwo kwita ku igare ryawe ry'amashanyarazi, harimo inama zo gusukura igare, gushyira amavuta yo kwisiga, kugenzura buri gihe ibice byaryo, kuvugurura porogaramu na porogaramu, no kubungabunga batiri.
Utekereza kugura igare rikoresha amashanyarazi? Ubuyobozi bwacu bw'igare rikoresha amashanyarazi buzagufasha guhitamo igare rikubereye. Abashakashatsi b'inzobere ba BikeRadar basuzumye amagare menshi akoresha amashanyarazi, bityo ushobora kwizera ibitekerezo byacu ku magare akoresha amashanyarazi.
Mu buryo bwinshi, kubungabunga amagare akoresha amashanyarazi ntaho bitandukaniye no kubungabunga amagare asanzwe. Ariko, bimwe mu bice, cyane cyane sisitemu yo kohereza (cranks, chains, na sprockets), bishobora kwihanganira imbaraga nyinshi no kongera kwangirika.
Kubwibyo, niba ushaka gukoresha neza igare ryawe, ni ngombwa ko ukora isuku buri gihe ku igare ryawe rikoresha amashanyarazi no kuribungabunga neza.
Mbere na mbere, igare ryiza ni igare ryiza. Umwanda n'ibyondo byongera kwangirika kw'ibice. Iyo bivanze n'amazi n'amavuta, havuka ifu. Icyiza ni ukugabanya imikorere y'igare, naho ikibi ni ukwambara vuba ibice byambaye.
Uko igare ryawe ry'amashanyarazi rigenda neza, niko rirushaho gukora neza kandi niko rimara igihe kirekire mu buzima bwaryo.
Komeza umunyururu ukoresha imodoka yawe usukuye kandi ugakora neza: Niba imodoka yawe ikora neza kandi ikagenda buhoro buhoro, igihe bateri ikoresha n'ingufu zayo ntacyo bitwaye. Gutwara igare rifite sisitemu yo gutwara imodoka isukuye kandi ikora neza hamwe n'imodoka zahinduwe neza bizakuzanira uburambe bushimishije, kandi amaherezo bizagufasha kubona umusaruro mwiza ku igare ryawe.
Niba sisitemu yawe yo gutwara ibintu isa n'iyanduye cyane (ubusanzwe imyanda y'umukara iba irundanyije ku munyururu, cyane cyane ku magare y'amashanyarazi yo mu misozi, aho icyondo kiba gifatiwe ku ruziga rw'inyuma rw'inyuma), ushobora kugisukura vuba ukoresheje igitambaro, cyangwa ugakoresha icyuma gikuraho amavuta. Dufite ubuyobozi butandukanye ku buryo bwo gusukura igare n'uburyo bwo gusukura umunyururu w'igare.
Iminyururu y'amagare ikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi ikunze gusaba amavuta menshi kurusha iminyururu y'amagare idafashwa. Gukoresha amavuta meza buri gihe ku munyururu bizatuma amashanyarazi akoreshwa neza. Ni byiza kubikora nyuma ya buri rugendo, kandi birumvikana ko nyuma yo koza no kumisha igare.
Gushyira amavuta ku magare y'amashanyarazi rimwe na rimwe ntabwo byoroshye nkuko bigaragara. Amagare menshi y'amashanyarazi ntashobora gusubiza inyuma pedali, bityo gerageza gushyira igare ku ntebe yo gukoreraho (cyangwa usabe inshuti yawe kuzamura ipine ry'inyuma hasi) kugira ngo ubashe kuzunguza pedali kugira ngo amavuta ajye anyura neza ku munyururu.
Niba igare ryawe rifite uburyo bwo "kugenda n'amaguru", ushobora kurikoresha kugira ngo icyuma cyo hejuru (n'uruziga rw'inyuma) bizunguruke buhoro buhoro kugira ngo byoroshye gushyira amavuta kuri urwo runigi.
Ugomba kandi kugenzura umuvuduko w'amapine y'igare ryawe ry'amashanyarazi buri gihe. Amapine adashyushye cyane ntabwo ashobora guteza akaga gusa, ahubwo anapfusha ubusa amashanyarazi kandi akagabanya imikorere, bivuze ko uzabona amafaranga make mu gusharija bateri. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, gukoresha amapine mu muvuduko ukabije bishobora kugira ingaruka ku ihumure no gufata neza, cyane cyane iyo ugenda mu muhanda.
Ubwa mbere, shyiramo imbaraga mu ipine kugeza ku rugero rw'umuvuduko wagenwe ku ruhande rw'ipine, ariko gerageza gushaka umuvuduko ukubereye, upima uburemere, ihumure, gufata neza no kudahindagurika. Urashaka kumenya byinshi? Dufite amabwiriza agenga umuvuduko w'ipine ku mapine yo mu muhanda n'umuvuduko w'ipine yo mu misozi.
Amagare menshi akoresha amashanyarazi ubu akoresha ibice byakozwe mu buryo bwihariye kugira ngo bifashe mu gutwara. Ibi bivuze ko bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'ingufu, umuvuduko n'uburemere bw'igare muri rusange, ibice birushaho gukomera kandi bishobora kwihanganira imbaraga z'inyongera zikomoka ku igare rikoresha amashanyarazi.
Sisitemu zo kohereza amagare zikoresha amashanyarazi zikunze kuba zikomeye cyane kandi zifite ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho n'amagare adafashwa. Amapine n'amapine bya Ebike nabyo birakomeye, amapine y'imbere arakomeye, feri zirakomeye, n'ibindi.
Nubwo hari izindi mbaraga ziyongera, uracyafite ibisabwa byinshi kuri moto y'amashanyarazi, yaba iyo guterura, gufunga feri, guhindukira, kuzamuka cyangwa kumanuka umusozi, bityo ni byiza kwitondera cyane niba ibice n'urukuta bifite imigozi idakomeye cyangwa ibice byangiritse.
Suzuma igare ryawe buri gihe mu mutekano, menya neza ko imigozi yose n'imigozi bifunze neza hakurikijwe amabwiriza y'uruganda, reba amapine niba hari ikintu cyose gishobora gutuma amaguru apfumuka, kandi urebe niba hari ibyuma birekuye.
Witondere kandi kwangirika gukabije. Iyo igice kimwe kimaze gusaza, nk'umunyururu, gishobora kugira ingaruka ku bindi bice—urugero, bigatuma udupira two mu bwoko bwa sprockets na flywheels dusaza vuba. Dufite ubuyobozi ku kwangirika k'umunyururu, bityo ushobora kubona ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose mbere yuko kiba ikibazo.
Twamaze kwerekana akamaro ko kubungabunga igare kugira ngo rirusheho gukora neza no kuramba, ariko reka turebere hamwe uburyo bwo gusukura igare rikoresha amashanyarazi.
Bateri na moteri za ebike ni ibikoresho bifunze, bityo nta mazi agomba kwemererwa kwinjiramo, ariko ugomba kwirinda gukoresha isuku ikomeye ya jet kugira ngo usukure igare iryo ari ryo ryose (rikoresha amashanyarazi cyangwa ritari amashanyarazi) kuko imbaraga z'amazi zishobora kurishyira mu mapfundo menshi y'igare.
Sukura igare ryawe ry'amashanyarazi ukoresheje indobo cyangwa umuyoboro w'amazi make, uburoso n'ibindi bikoresho byo gusukura byihariye (cyangwa ibikoresho by'igare) kugira ngo ukureho vuba umwanda n'imyanda.
Siga bateri mu gasanduku, menya neza ko imiyoboro yose ifunze neza, ariko uzimye sisitemu ya e-bike mbere yo kuyisukura (kandi urebe neza ko idacana umuriro).
Aho gushyushya imodoka hazaba hari umwanda, bityo rero genzura imbere hanyuma uvaneho umwanda wose ukoresheje igitambaro cyumye cyangwa uburoso. Komeza ufunze aho hantu mugihe woza moto.
Nyuma yo koza igare, rihanagure n'igitambaro gisukuye, wirinde ko feri za disiki zihagarara (ntushaka ko zanduzwa n'amavuta cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byo gusukura bikoreshwa ahandi kuri igare).
Ushobora gusukura aho bateri ihurira rimwe na rimwe. Ushobora gukoresha uburoso bwumye bworoshye, igitambaro, n'amavuta yo kwisiga (niba ubyifuza) kugira ngo ubigereho.
Niba igare ryawe rifite bateri ndende (bateri ya kabiri ishobora guhuzwa kugira ngo igende igihe kirekire), ugomba kuyikuraho mbere yo kuyisukura no kuyisukura ukoresheje uburoso bwumye bworoshye.
Hashobora kuba hari magnets zipima umuvuduko ku mapine y'igare ryawe ry'amashanyarazi. Risukure n'igitambaro cyoroshye kugira ngo wirinde ibibazo.
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, bateri na moteri by'igare rikoresha amashanyarazi bifunze neza kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'amazi. Ibi ntibivuze ko bidashoboka na gato kwinjira mu mazi, ariko igihe cyose ufite ubwenge n'ubwitonzi runaka, ntugomba guhangayika.
Ibintu ugomba kwirinda mu gihe ukoresha igare rikoresha amashanyarazi birimo gusukura igare no kurijugunya mu mazi yose. Nta kiyaga cyo gusimbuka, mbabarira!
Moteri ubwayo iri mu cyuma gifunze neza mu ruganda, ntugomba kugerageza kuyikuraho kugira ngo uyibungabunge cyangwa ngo ugerageze gukemura ikibazo.
Niba bigaragara ko hari ikibazo kuri moteri cyangwa sisitemu, nyamuneka sura iduka waguriyemo igare cyangwa ujyane igare ku mucuruzi wemewe.
Urashaka kongera igihe bateri ikoreshwa mu rugendo? Dore inama zimwe na zimwe zishobora gutuma igare ryawe rikoresha amashanyarazi rigira uruhare runini.
Bishobora gusa nkaho bidashoboka kubungabunga bateri ifunze neza, ariko hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gutuma bateri yawe ya e-bike iguma mu buryo bwiza.
Uko igihe kigenda gihita, bateri zose za lithium-ion zizagenda zishaza buhoro buhoro kandi zikabura ubushobozi. Ibi bishobora kugera kuri 5% gusa by'umushari ntarengwa w'umwaka, ariko birateganijwe. Kwita kuri bateri neza, kuyibika neza no kuyigumisha ishyushye bizafasha mu kuramba.
Niba ukunda gusiba batiri, nyamuneka fata umwanya wo kuyisukura n'igitambaro gitose kandi ukoreshe uburoso bwumye kugira ngo ukureho umwanda wose ku ikoreshwa ryayo.
Rimwe na rimwe, sukura aho bateri ihurira hanyuma ushyireho amavuta make. Ntukigere ukoresha isuku y'umuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa imiyoboro y'umuvuduko mwinshi kugira ngo usukure bateri.
Shyira umuriro kuri batiri ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba ahantu humutse. Kugira ngo wongere igihe cyo gukora batiri, nyamuneka irinde ko batiri ishaje cyangwa ngo irare igihe kirekire.
Iyo igare ritakoreshejwe igihe kirekire, ushobora gukuramo batiri. Izagenda itakaza ingufu buhoro buhoro, bityo ukomeze kuyishyiramo umuriro rimwe na rimwe.
Nkuko twabivuze, irinde kubika amagare ku buntu igihe kirekire—nk'uko bivugwa n'uruganda rukora sisitemu ya e-bike Bosch, kugumana ingufu hagati ya 30% na 60% ni byiza mu kubika amagare igihe kirekire.
Ubushyuhe n'ubukonje bukabije ni abanzi karemano ba bateri z'amashanyarazi. Bika bateri y'amashanyarazi yawe ahantu hakonje kandi humutse, kure y'izuba ryinshi.
Mu gihe cy'itumba, cyane cyane iyo ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 0°C, nyamuneka shyira umuriro muri batiri kandi ubibike ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba, hanyuma wongere ushyire batiri mu igare ako kanya mbere yo kuyitwara.
Nubwo hari charger zimwe na zimwe zisa nkaho zihuye n'amagare menshi, ugomba gukoresha charger zijyanye nawe gusa. Bateri ntizihora zishaje kimwe, bityo gukoresha charger itari yo bishobora kwangiza bateri yawe ya e-bike.
Abakora amagare y'amashanyarazi benshi basohora porogaramu n'amavugurura ya porogaramu; bamwe rimwe na rimwe, abandi kenshi.
Uretse kwandika imibare y'amagare n'andi makuru y'ingirakamaro, porogaramu zimwe na zimwe za elegitoroniki cyangwa ecran zubatswemo nabyo bigufasha guhindura imikorere y'amagare.
Ibi bishobora gusobanura guhindura imiterere y'amashanyarazi (urugero, imiterere ntarengwa yo gufasha itanga imbaraga nke bityo igakoresha batiri nke) cyangwa imiterere yo kwihutisha.
Kugabanya imiterere y'ibisohoka kugira ngo bateri ikoreshwe buhoro buhoro bishobora kongera igihe cyo kubaho kwa bateri, nubwo ugomba gukora cyane kugira ngo uzamuke umusozi!
Ushobora kandi kubona amakuru mashya yerekeye ubuzima bwa sisitemu cyangwa ibijyanye no kubungabunga ukoresheje porogaramu ya ebike cyangwa ecran yubatswemo, ishobora kukwereka amakuru nk'igihe cyo gutanga serivisi.
Ushobora kureba niba hari amakuru mashya ya firmware aboneka ukoresheje porogaramu ihujwe cyangwa usure urubuga rw'uwakoze porogaramu. Hari ibigo bimwe bigusaba gusura umucuruzi wemewe kugira ngo ubone amakuru mashya.
Bitewe n'ikirango cya moteri na sisitemu ikoreshwa n'igare ryawe, aya mavugurura ya firmware ashobora gufasha kongera imbaraga, kongera igihe bateri imara, cyangwa gutanga izindi nyongera zingirakamaro, bityo rero ni ngombwa kugenzura niba igare ryawe ry'amashanyarazi rifite amakuru agezweho.