Inganda z'amagare zihora ziteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rishya ry'amagare n'udushya. Ibyinshi muri ibi ni byiza kandi bituma amagare yacu aba ashobora kandi agashimisha kuyagenderaho, ariko si ko bigenda buri gihe. Uko duheruka kubona ikoranabuhanga ritameze neza ni igihamya.
Ariko, amagare y’ubwoko butandukanye akunze kubivuga neza, wenda kurusha amagare yo mu muhanda, ubu asa n’ayo twagenderagaho mu myaka icumi ishize.
Mu buryo bushobora kuba inkoko cyangwa igi, gusiganwa ku magare yo mu misozi byarushijeho kuba tekiniki kandi byihuse - nk'uko imikino ya Izu yo kugerageza mu mikino Olempike ya Tokyo yo mu 2020 ibigaragaza - kandi amagare yarushijeho kuba meza. Ubushobozi, kureba ibintu mu buryo butangaje nabwo burihuta.
Hafi ya buri gice cya MTB yo mu muhanda wa kure cyarahindutse mu myaka icumi ishize, kuva ku miterere ya MTB ndende kandi irekuye ishobora kuyikata ku misozi imanuka n'ibice by'amabuye mu gihe ikomeza kwihuta cyane kuzamuka umusozi) kugeza ku gice cy'inyuma cy'imodoka zimwe na zimwe. Igare ryiza cyane ryo mu misozi rya Enduro.
Ntitwavuga ko twababaye. Izi mpinduka zituma gutwara amagare no kureba ahantu hatari mu muhanda birushaho kuba byiza, kandi ku rugero runaka, bitanga inzira ku magare atari mu muhanda ahuza ibice byiza bya XC n'amagare atari mu muhanda.
Rero, dukurikije ibyo byose, dore uburyo butandatu amagare yo mu muhanda ahinduka, n'impamvu ari ikintu cyiza kuri buri munyegare. Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi ku magare ya XC, reba ubuyobozi bw'abaguzi bacu ku magare meza yo mu muhanda.
Birashoboka ko impinduka igaragara cyane mu magare ya XC ari ingano y'amapine, aho amagare yo mu misozi yo hejuru akoreshwa mu magare ya santimetero 29.
Iyo nsubije amaso inyuma mu myaka 10 ishize, mu gihe abanyamafarasi benshi batangiye kubona ibyiza byo gupima santimetero 29, benshi baracyakomeza kwinangira ku ntoya, kandi kugeza icyo gihe, ingano isanzwe ya santimetero 26.
Noneho, ibyo bizaterwa n'ibisabwa n'inkunga. Niba umuterankunga wawe adashoboye kugera kuri 29er, ntushobora kuyitwara nubwo wabyifuzaga. Ariko uko byagenda kose, abashoferi benshi bishimira gukomeza ibyo bazi.
Kandi, bafite impamvu yumvikana. Byatwaye igihe kinini inganda z'amagare kugira ngo zigire imiterere n'ibice byazo bya 29ers neza. Amapine ashobora kuba adakomeye, kandi uburyo bwo kuyakoresha bushobora gusiga ubusa, bityo ntibitangaje ko bamwe mu batwara amagare bashidikanya.
Ariko, mu 2011, niwe wa mbere watwaye igikombe cy'isi cya Cross Country ku igare rya santimetero 29. Hanyuma yegukanye umudari wa zahabu mu mikino Olempike ya Londres mu 2012 mu irushanwa rya 29er (Specialized S-Works Epic). Kuva icyo gihe, amapine ya santimetero 29 yagiye aba ikintu gisanzwe mu isiganwa rya XC.
Dukomeje kugeza ubu, kandi abakinnyi benshi bemeranya ku byiza byo gusiganwa kwa XC ku mapine ya santimetero 29. Agenda yihuta, agatuma umuntu arushaho gukurura no koroherwa.
Indi mpinduka ikomeye ku magare y’ibinyabiziga (n’amagare yo mu misozi muri rusange) ni ukuza kw’ibikoresho by’amagare yo mu misozi bifite ibikoresho byo gukingira, umunyururu imbere na kaseti nini inyuma, akenshi akaba ari agace gato k’amenyo 10 ku ruhande rumwe gafite agace kanini k’amenyo 50 ku rundi ruhande.
Ntabwo ari ngombwa ko ujya kure cyane kugira ngo urebe igare ryo mu muhanda rifite crankset eshatu imbere. Umwe mu bagize itsinda rya BikeRadar yibuka igare ryabo rya mbere ritari mu muhanda, ryasohotse mu 2012, rifite crankset eshatu.
Impeta eshatu n'izibiri zishobora guha umugenzi ubwoko bwiza bw'ibikoresho n'umwanya mwiza kugira ngo agire umuvuduko ukwiye, ariko nanone biragoye kuzibungabunga no kuzigumana mu buryo bwiza.
Nkuko bigenda ku gashya kose, ubwo yashyirwaga ahagaragara mu 2012, abashoferi benshi ntibari bazi neza kuko byari bisanzwe ko amapine 11 adakora neza mu muhanda utari uwo mu muhanda.
Ariko buhoro buhoro, abanyamwuga n'abakunda ibintu bitandukanye batangiye kubona ibyiza byo kwidagadura buri umwe. Imodoka zo mu muhanda zoroshye gushyiraho, zoroshye kubungabunga no kugabanya ibiro mu gihe igare ryawe rihora risukuye. Binatuma abakora amagare bakora amagare meza yo kwihagarika kuko nta gice cy'imbere gihari cyatuma habaho umwanya wo guhagarara inyuma.
Intera iri hagati y’ibipimo by’ibikoresho ishobora kuba nini kurushaho, ariko bigaragara ko nta muntu ubyitayeho cyangwa ukeneye intera nto nk’iyo imigozi ibiri cyangwa itatu itanga.
Tugiye mu isiganwa iryo ari ryo ryose ryo mu muhanda, dukeka ko buri moto izaba imeze nk'igare, ibyo bikaba ari byiza mu bitekerezo byacu.
Jewometiri ni urugero rwiza rw'uburyo ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiganwa ku magare rishobora guhuza n'ibyo umuntu akeneye kandi rigakomeza gutera imbere. Uko gusiganwa mu muhanda byarushijeho kuba bibi kandi bikaba tekiniki, ibirango byateye imbere bituma amagare yabo aba meza cyane mu gihe bakomeza kuzamuka imisozi.
Urugero rw'ingenzi rw'imiterere y'amagare yo mu muhanda ugezweho ni Specialized Epic iheruka, igaragaza uburyo ibikoresho byo mu muhanda usanzwe byahindutse.
Epic ni nziza cyane iyo ugenda ku muhanda ugezweho kandi ukenera umuvuduko mwinshi. Ifite inguni ntoya ya dogere 67.5, hamwe na mm 470 nziza n'inguni y'intebe ya dogere 75.5. Ibintu byose ni byiza iyo ugenda ku muhanda vuba.
Isura ya Epic yo mu 2012 ya kera ugereranyije n'iya none. Inguni y'umutwe wa dogere 70.5 ituma igare rigorana mu guhindukira, ariko inatuma ritazamuka neza.
Ubushobozi bwo kugera ku ntebe nabwo ni bugufi kuri mm 438, kandi inguni y'intebe iragabanuka gato kuri dogere 74. Inguni yoroshye y'intebe ishobora gutuma bigorana kubona umwanya mwiza wo gukanda ku gice cyo hasi.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, irindi gare rishya rya XC rifite imiterere yaryo yahindutse. Inguni y'umutwe w'imodoka igenda buhoro ho dogere 1.5 ugereranije n'iyabanje, mu gihe inguni y'intebe irushaho kuba ndende kuri dogere 1.
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko turimo gushushanya imirongo minini hano. Uretse imibare y’imiterere y’igare turimo kuvuga hano, hari n’ibindi bintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku buryo igare rikora mu muhanda, ariko nta gushidikanya ko imiterere y’igare rya XC rya none ryahindutse kugira ngo ritume izi moto zidatinya iyo zimanuka.
Dukeka ko uramutse ubwiye umuntu wese ukina imikino Olempike yo mu 2021 ko agomba gusiganwa ku rubura rufunganye, byamubabaza cyane. Ariko gusubira inyuma imyaka 9 no gufunga amapine ni ibintu bisanzwe, kandi uwatsinze mu 2012 aza afite amapine ya santimetero 2.
Mu myaka icumi ishize, habayeho icyerekezo cyagutse cy’amapine mu rwego rw’amagare, kuva ku gutwara amagare mu muhanda kugeza kuri XC, kandi amapine meza cyane yo gutwara amagare yo mu misozi muri iki gihe ni meza cyane.
Ubuhanga busanzwe bwari uko amapine magufi agenda vuba kandi akakurinda ibiro bike. Yombi ni ingenzi mu marushanwa yo mu muhanda, ariko nubwo amapine magufi ashobora kugufasha kugabanya ibiro, amapine manini ni meza mu bundi buryo hafi ya bwose.
Zigenda vuba, zifata neza, zigatuma umuntu amererwa neza, kandi zishobora kugabanya amahirwe yo gupfumuka ku buryo butunguranye. Byose ni byiza ku mukinnyi ukiri muto ugenda mu muhanda.
Haracyari impaka ku ipine ryihuta cyane, kandi birashoboka ko nta gisubizo gisobanutse neza kuri icyo kibazo. Ariko kugeza ubu, abatwara amagare benshi basa nkaho bahitamo amapine ya santimetero 2.3 cyangwa santimetero 2.4 mu gusiganwa kuri XC.
Twanakoze igerageza ryacu ku bugari bw'amapine, tureba ingano y'amapine yihuta cyane ku magare yo mu misozi ndetse n'ingano y'amapine yihuta cyane ku mapine yo mu muhanda. Niba nawe ubwawe urimo gupima amapine, menya neza ko wasomye ubuyobozi bwacu bwo gupima umuvuduko w'amapine ya MTB.
Nk’uko umuntu yabivuze muri filime ivuga ku bisimba by’ibitagangurirwa, “hamwe n’imbaraga nyinshi haza inshingano zikomeye”, kandi ni nako bigenda no ku magare agezweho yo mu muhanda.
Amapine yawe meza, imiterere y'imodoka n'ingano y'amapine biguha amahirwe yo kugenda vuba kurusha mbere hose. Ariko ugomba kuba ushobora kugenzura izo mbaraga - kandi kugira ngo ubigereho, uzakenera imigozi migari.
Nanone, ntugomba kujya kure cyane kugira ngo ubone igare rifite umugozi muto urenze mm 700. Iyo urebye inyuma, ritangira no kumanuka munsi ya mm 600.
Muri iki gihe cy'utubari tugari, ushobora kwibaza impamvu umuntu yakoreshaga ubugari buto cyane? Ubusanzwe, umuvuduko wari ugabanutse icyo gihe, kandi kumanuka imisozi ntibyari bigezweho cyane. Nanone, ni ikintu abantu bakoresha igihe cyose, kuki bagihindura?
Ku bw'amahirwe kuri twese, uko umuvuduko ugenda wiyongera, ni nako ubugari bw'imigozi yacu bugenda burushaho kwiyongera, kandi amagare menshi ya XC yuzuyemo imigozi ya 740mm cyangwa 760mm itari gutekereza mu myaka icumi ishize.
Nk’uko bimeze ku mapine manini, imigozi minini imaze kuba ikintu gisanzwe mu bijyanye n’amagare yo mu misozi. Iguha ububasha bwo kugenzura ibice bya tekiniki kandi ishobora kunoza uburyo igare rikwira, kandi bamwe mu bashoferi bumva ko ubugari bw’inyongera bufasha gufungura igituza kugira ngo umuntu ahumeke.
Iyi suspension yazamutse cyane mu myaka icumi ishize. Kuva kuri Fox's electrolock power kugeza kuri shocks zoroshye kandi zinogeye, nta gushidikanya ko amagare yo muri iki gihe yoroherwa cyane n'ubutaka buhanamye cyangwa bwa tekiniki.
Uku gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiganwa ku magare, hamwe n'uko inzira yo kunyuramo ari tekiniki kurusha mbere hose, bivuze ko ushobora kubona igare rihagaze neza kurusha igare rikomeye mu isiganwa rya XC rikomeye.
Amagare akomeye ni meza cyane ku masiganwa twabonye mu gihe cy’imyidagaduro mu myaka icumi ishize cyangwa irenga. Ubu byose byarahindutse. Nubwo ari rimwe mu masiganwa adakoresha tekiniki cyane mu mikino y’igikombe cy’isi, kandi ritera ikibazo cyo guhitamo igare rikomeye cyangwa igare rihagaze neza (Victor yatsindiye irushanwa rya 2021 ry’abagabo akoresheje igare rikomeye, atsinda irushanwa ry’abagore rihagaze neza), abakinnyi benshi ubu bahitamo amarushanwa yombi mu masiganwa menshi.
Ntimutumva nabi, haracyariho imodoka zikomeye zihuta cyane muri XC—BMC yashyizweho umwaka ushize ni ikimenyetso cy'uko imodoka zikomeye zigenda zihagarara mu muhanda—ariko amagare ahagaze neza ubu ni yo ayoboye.
Ingendo nazo zirimo gutera imbere cyane. Fata igare rishya rya Scott Spark RC - igare ryiza cyane. Rifite uburebure bwa mm 120 imbere n'inyuma, mu gihe tumenyereye kubona uburebure bwa mm 100.
Ni izihe ntambwe zindi twabonye mu ikoranabuhanga ryo guhagarika? Urugero, fata Specialized's patented Brain Suspension. Igishushanyo mbonera gikoresha valve ya inertia, ihita ifunga suspension ku butaka butaringaniye. Kuraho agahu hanyuma valve ihita yongera gufungura suspension. Muri make, ni igitekerezo cyiza cyane, ariko mu bikorwa, gusubiramo kwa mbere byatumye ubwonko bukurikira ibintu nk'ibi.
Ikibazo gikomeye cyari ugukubita cyane cyangwa gukubita cyane umugenzi yumvaga igihe valve yongeraga gukinguka. Ntabwo ushobora kandi guhindura uburyo ubwonko bwawe bubona ibintu mu gihe urimo kugenda, ibyo bikaba bitaba byiza iyo urimo kugenda ku butaka butandukanye.
Ariko, kimwe n'ibindi byose biri kuri uru rutonde, Specialized yagiye irushaho kunoza ubwonko uko imyaka yagiye ihita. Ubu ishobora guhindurwa uko ibintu bimeze, kandi ijwi ry'ijwi ricuranga, nubwo rikiriho, ni ryoroshye cyane kurusha iry'ibisekuruza byabanje.
Amaherezo, iterambere ry’ihungabana ni urugero rwiza rw’uburyo amagare ya XC yo muri iki gihe yakozwe kugira ngo abe afite ubushobozi kandi akoreshwe mu buryo butandukanye kurusha mbere hose.
amaze imyaka irenga icumi yitabira amarushanwa atandukanye, harimo gusiganwa mu misozi miremire, marato no kuzamuka imisozi, none ubu yishimira ubuzima bwo kuruhuka, guhagarara muri za cafe no kunywa inzoga nyuma yo kugendera ku igare. Nubwo umuryango muto utuma agira umwanya muto wo kuruhuka, aracyakunda kuzamuka imisozi no kubabara mu ngendo. Nk'umuntu ushyigikiye cyane gusiganwa ku magare mu misozi miremire mu muhanda, ushobora no gusanga agendera ku mukunzi we izuba rirenze.
Ushyizemo amakuru yawe, uba wemera Amategeko n'amabwiriza ya BikeRadar na Politiki y'ibanga. Urashobora kwiyambura igihe icyo ari cyo cyose.